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Edward Laurence Doheny (August 10, 1856 - September 8, 1935) was a Californian oil tycoon who, in 1892, drilled the first successful oil well in the Los Angeles City Oil Field. His success set off a petroleum boom in Southern California, and made him a fortune when, in 1902, he sold his properties. He began highly profitable oil operations in Tampico, Mexico, drilling the first well in the nation in 1901. He expanded operations during the Mexican Revolution, and opened large new oil fields in Mexico's "golden belt" inland from Tampico. His holdings developed as the Pan American Petroleum & Transport Company, one of the largest oil companies in the world in the 1920s. In the 1920s, Doheny was implicated in the Teapot Dome Scandal and accused of offering a $100,000 bribe to United States Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall. Doheny was twice acquitted of offering the bribe, but Fall was convicted of accepting it. Doheny and his second wife and widow, Carrie Estelle, were noted philanthropists in Los Angeles, especially regarding Catholic schools and charities. The character J. Arnold Ross in Upton Sinclair's 1927 novel ''Oil!'' (the inspiration for the 2007 film ''There Will Be Blood'') is loosely based on Doheny. ==Early career== Edward L. Doheny was born in 1856 in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin to Patrick "Pat" and Eleanor Elizabeth "Ellen" (née Quigley) Doheny. The family was Irish Catholic. His father was born in Ireland, and fled Tipperary in the wake of the Great Famine. Patrick tried whaling after reaching Labrador.〔Margaret Leslie Davis, ''Dark Side of Fortune: Triumph and Scandal in the Life of Oil Tycoon Edward L. Doheny'' (1998), p.8.〕 His mother was born in St. Johns, Newfoundland, and was a school teacher.〔Davis. - p.196.〕 After Patrick and Ellen married and moved to Wisconsin, Doheny's father became a construction laborer and gardener.〔Davis. - p.9.〕 Doheny graduated from high school in his fifteenth year, and was named the valedictorian of his class.〔Davis, Margaret L. (1998). ''Dark Side of Fortune: Triumph and Scandal in the Life of Oil Tycoon Edward L. Doheny''. 1998. 〕 Following his father’s death several months after his graduation, Doheny was employed by the U.S. Geological Survey. In 1873 he was sent to Kansas with a party to survey and subdivide the Kiowa-Comanche lands. The following year he left the Geological Survey to pursue his fortune prospecting, first in the Black Hills of South Dakota, and then in Arizona Territory and New Mexico Territory. Doheny is listed in the ''1880 United States Census'' as a painter living in Prescott, Arizona.〔Prescott, Yavapai, Arizona. ''1880 United States Census''. United States Census Bureau. page.462B.〕 Later in 1880, he was in the Black Range in western Sierra County of south-western New Mexico Territory, living in the rough silver-mining town of Kingston (about west of Hillsboro), prospecting, mining, and buying and trading mining claims. He worked in the famed Iron King mine, just north of Kingston, which drew men to the area. In Kingston, he met two men who later played important roles in his life: Albert Fall, the future Secretary of the Interior, and Charles A. Canfield, who became his business partner.〔Davis. - p.11, 14.〕 Doheny and Canfield together worked the former’s Mount Chief Mine with little success.〔 In 1886, Canfield prospected further in the Kingston area, leasing and developing with great success the Comstock Mine (not to be confused with the Comstock Lode of Virginia City, Nevada). Doheny declined to join him in this venture, and whereas Canfield made a small fortune from it, Doheny was eventually reduced to doing odd jobs (including painting) to support his family.〔Davis. - pp.18-19.〕 In the Spring of 1891, Doheny left New Mexico and moved to Los Angeles, California, attracted by Canfield’s success in real estate there. Canfield had previously left New Mexico with $110,000 in cash from his Comstock Mine venture, which he parlayed into extensive real estate holdings during the Los Angeles boom of the later 1880s. With the collapse of the speculative fever, Canfield lost his wealth and land holdings and, by the time Doheny arrived in Los Angeles in 1891, he was deeply in debt.〔Davis. - p.20.〕 The two men briefly tried prospecting in the San Diego County area of Southern California, forming the Pacific Gold and Silver Extracting Company there—but without achieving success, they soon returned to Los Angeles.〔 By 1892, Doheny was so poor he could not afford to pay for his boarding room. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Edward L. Doheny」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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